ABSTRACT
Capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) distribuem-se amplamente na região neotropical em habitats naturais e antrópicos. No presente estudo, a flutuação populacional de capivaras foi monitorada no Campus "Luiz de Queiroz" da Universidade de São Paulo, em Piracicaba, Região Sudeste do Brasil no período entre 1998 e 2000. Para avaliar a flutuação populacional e suas taxas de crescimento, foi usado um índice de abundância baseado em contagens diurnas semanais. O monitoramento foi conduzido em uma área de várzea antrópica. O viés de observadores foi avaliado, sendo diretamente proporcional à sua distância em relação aos animais. A densidade populacional e biomassa de capivaras na área antrópica estudada foram significativamente maiores do que em habitats naturais. A espécie apresentou um padrão sazonal de flutuação com pico no final da primavera (outubro a dezembro). Adultos e juvenis apresentaram padrões de flutuação sazonal similares, diferindo do apresentado por filhotes. Neste habitat de vázea antrópica, a capacidade de suporte foi de aproximadamente 195 indivíduos/Km2. Para uma taxa de extração conservadora (17%) em várzeas antrópicas da Região Sudeste do Brasil, a produtividade de capivaras pode alcançar cerca de 630 Kg/Km2/ano.
Subject(s)
Animals , Biomass , Rodentia/physiology , Brazil , Population Density , Population Dynamics , SeasonsABSTRACT
In the present study regression equations are established between broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) captive reproductive females snout-vent length (SVL) and body mass (BM) and the following clutch characteristics: egg mass, egg "length" (maximal diameter), egg "width" (minimal diameter), hatchling BM, hatchling SVL, clutch size (number of eggs), clutch mass and relative clutch mass (clutch mass/female BM). Female body-length presented a positive correlation with egg mass, egg length, egg width, hatchling BM and hatchling SVL. No clear correlation was found between female SVL and clutch size. Female BM showed a significantly positive correlation with egg mass, egg-length, egg-width, hatchling BM, hatchling SVL and clutch mass. A highly significant negative correlation was found between female BM and the relative clutch mass. No clear correlation was found between female BM and clutch size
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Body Constitution , Body Mass Index , Clutch Size , Alligators and Crocodiles/anatomy & histology , Oviposition/physiology , Ovum , Biometry , Sex Characteristics , Alligators and Crocodiles/physiology , Regression Analysis , ReproductionABSTRACT
In the present study, regression equations between body and head length measurements for the broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) are presented. Age and sex are discussed as sources of variation for allometric models. Four body-length, fourteen head-length, and ten ratio variables were taken from wild and captive animals. With the exception of body mass, log-transformation did not improve the regression equations. Besides helping to estimate body-size from head dimensions, the regression equations stressed skull shape changes during the ontogenetic process. All age-dependent variables are also size-dependent (and consequently dependent on growth rate), which is possibly related to the difficulty in predicting age of crocodilians based on single variable growth curves. Sexual dimorphism was detected in the allometric growth of cranium but not in the mandible, which may be evolutionarily related to the visual recognition of gender when individuals exhibit only the top of their heads above the surface of the water, a usual crocodilian behavior